讨论会反馈: 王翠风博士回应David的评论

感谢David深思熟虑的评论。非政府组织运动在亚洲某些地区很发达，远胜于其他地区，这是显然的。我们在许多国家也看到各种各样的组织。因为亚洲的非政府组织在国家间的合作较少，因此很难作出比较。

在中国和印尼，我们看到宣传倡议活动始于非常小的局部区域；比如，某吸毒者群体可能与当地医院安排会面，要求医院为艾滋病患者提供美沙酮药物，或者某个小的人权团体可能就当地一名社会活动者被拘留与警察局进行协商。

然后这些群体可能发现，在他们的社区里也有其他的类似群体也面临和他们同样的问题，于是他们会联合起来，共同在较大区域或国家的层面上为更广泛的问题进行宣传。

到目前为止，在东亚和东南亚的草根群体中，人权宣传趋向于机会主义，而非策略性的。也就是说，一个群体或一名社会活动者利用公开信或抗议来应对一项突发危机 --如减害工作者被拘留、网站被封等。等到危机结束，又会再次忙于繁琐的日常工作。

当团体们开始克服个性差异或策略差异而结成联盟的时候，他们就可以设计更加复杂和更具策略的活动计划，结合多种方式（信件、会议、宣讲会、抗议、音乐会、电影、媒体工作）达到长期目标。

令人激动的是，我们看到有些跨国联盟正在形成，共同对抗东南亚地区的大型水坝建设。但是在亚洲的许多其他地方，还没有形成这种跨国合作，部分原因是资源问题（例如，有的团体没有可以说英文的工作人员，相互交流非常困难）。

亚洲促进会做了很多事情帮助这些组织提高宣传能力，包括从协助书写公开信到开设关于人权文件和宣传的工作室。我们倾向于同意您的观点，即培训培训者，以及建立南--南关系。这也是为什么我们将我们的伙伴组织与其他国家中较大的艾滋病非政府组织进行配对，让获得我们的Haven资助项目的中国社会活动者进入更加成熟的亚洲非政府组织；同时，这也是我们为什么建立这个网站的原因。

在今年八月份于巴里举办的亚太艾滋病大会（ICAAP）上，我们计划开一次卫星会议，讨论亚洲的艾滋病非政府组织受到的限制，内容涵盖了从艾滋病社会活动者被捕到非政府组织关闭到减害工作者遭遇警察骚扰等一系列问题。这次卫星会议将主要以马来西亚、中国、柬埔寨的活动者和联合国特别报告人为中心，聚焦于健康权问题。这次会议将对ICAAP所有参加者公开。我们希望它可以引发关于亚洲艾滋病组织在某个组织遇到打压或逮捕的时候如何互相帮助的讨论。相对于只是将每个危机作为一个单独的事件去应对，然后又继续做自己的事情，我们也许应该把它看作是一个阻碍亚洲对抗艾滋病的更大、更系统的问题。

Thanks to David for his thoughtful comments. Obviously, as the NGO movement in some parts of Asia is far more developed than in others, we've seen a lot of variety in different countries. And as there's relatively little cooperation between NGOs across Asian national borders yet, it's hard to make comparisons.

In China and Indonesia, we've seen advocacy start off very locally; for instance, a group of drug users may set up a meeting with a local hospital to demand access to methadone for AIDS patients there, or a small human rights group may negotiate with police around the detention of a local activist.

Groups may then begin to see a pattern where peer groups in their community or their field face similar problems, and that leads them to join together for advocacy on a broader issue at the regional or national level.

So far, human rights advocacy among grassroots groups working on AIDS in East and Southeast Asia tends to be opportunistic rather than strategic. In other words, a group or an activist respond to an immediate crisis - a harm reduction worker detained, a website shut down -- with an open letter or a protest. After the crisis is over, everyone gets caught up in doing their day to day work again.

When groups begin to overcome personality differences or differences in tactics to come together in a coalition, then they can design more complex and strategic campaigns that include multiple different kinds of actions (letters, meetings, teach-ins, protests, concerts, films, media work) to achieve long-term goals.

It's exciting to see coalitions forming across national borders in the fight against large-scale dams in mainland Southeast Asia. But in many other issues in Asia, there isn't yet this kind of transnational coalition, partly because of resource issues (for instance, groups that don't have English-speaking staff have a hard time talking to each other).

Asia Catalyst does a number of things to build the capacity of groups for advocacy, ranging from organizing open letters to holding workshops in human rights documentation and advocacy. We tend to agree with you about the train-the-trainer approach and about building South-South relationships. That's why we pair up our partner groups with larger AIDS NGOs in other countries, place Chinese activists in our Haven fellowship program at more established NGOs in Asia, and also why we started this website.

At the ICAAP conference in Bali this August, we plan a satellite meeting to discuss restrictions on AIDS NGOs in Asia, ranging from arrests of AIDS activists to shutdowns of NGOs to harassment of harm reduction workers by police. The satellite session will feature AIDS activists from Malyasia, China, Cambodia, and the U.N Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, Anand Grover. We hope the meeting, which is open to everyone at ICAAP, will lead to discussions about how AIDS groups in Asia can help each other when there's a crackdown or an arrest in one region or another. Instead of responding to each individual crisis and then moving on, perhaps we should look at this issue as a larger, systemic problem that hampers the fight against AIDS in Asia.